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HLA - (Class II ) Typing in Mumbai

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  • HLA - (Class II ) Typing

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About

blood sample
SAMPLE TYPE

WHOLE BLOOD EDTA (DONOR) AND WHOLE BLOOD EDTA (RECIPIENT)

Gender
GENDER

Both

users
AGE GROUP

7 years & above

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are specialised proteins present on the surface of almost all cells except red blood cells (RBCs). HLA genes inherited by an individual are responsible for the HLA antigens in the cells. The HLA blood test identifies the significant HLA antigens on the surface of a person’s cells.

The test also identifies the antibodies to human leukocyte antigens and the genes responsible for the antigens to match transplant donors and recipients.

A special pattern of antigens is inherited from the parents. Half of this pattern comes from the mother and the other half from the father. These patterns are unique to every individual except identical twins who have the same pattern and are an identical match for tissue and blood cells. Siblings, especially sisters and brothers with the same parents, have a 1 in 4 chance of being an identical match.

The HLA genes are located in the chromosome 6 region called the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). It plays an essential role in the immune system management of the human body. For example, the MHC helps your body's immune system distinguish between cells that are self, foreign, or non-self. Cells recognised as non-self can activate an immune response, including the production of HLA antibodies.

With the help of an HLA blood test, you can find the pattern of antigens and subsequent HLA antibodies to the HLA antigens. If the HLA class II test result finds more antibodies, there is a higher likelihood of transplant failure. The HLA class II test result lets the doctors know whether there is a good match for a stem cell transplant.

Transplant rejection is one of the critical limiting factors for the success of solid organ transplantation. Various immunologic and non-immunologic factors determine it. Finding a donor who is compatible with a recipient can sometimes be challenging. This is because HLA genes can sometimes have multiple possible variations. This is referred to as polymorphic.

More than 200 genes comprise the HLA gene family, located on chromosome 6. Based on these numbers, there can be many different possible combinations and multiple types of HLA variations. Hence, finding a suitable donor can be challenging, especially if the recipient has pre-formed HLA antibodies.

At Apollo 24|7, you can get a Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) test to determine the following things:

  • Detect the type of human leukocyte antigens 
  • Detect HLA antibodies
  • Identify the antigen types in blood donors to match transfusion recipients
     

faqFrequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

When is the HLA blood test ordered?

HLA blood test or HLA gene testing is performed at the time when it is first determined that an individual needs a transplant. The HLA class II test result does not change unless an individual has received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The testing may also be done periodically, for example, after pregnancy, to see if an individual has developed additional antibodies.

What does the HLA class II test result mean?

Specific HLA genes or antigens are determined during HLA testing to ensure compatibility with organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplants. The typing result of the recipient is usually compared to that of a potential donor. The HLA class II test result determines how many antigens match and how many mismatches exist. If the result indicates "0 mismatches", there is a high probability that the recipient will not reject the organ or tissue.

Why is it important to find the best donor?

Here are some of the reasons why finding a close match is essential: Improves the possibilities for a successful transplant Improves the engraft of your donor cells Reduces the risk of complications like graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) which happens when the immune cells from the donated cells attack the recipient’s cells There are multiple instances when a closely matched donor is not the best option; instead, a donor who matches exactly half of their HLA test is best. This is termed as haploidentical transplant.

What are the chances of finding a match?

Often, it is hard to find a match due to certain HLA types that are less common. Since HLA types are inherited, siblings can sometimes be a match for each other. You are also more likely to match someone with similar ethnic ancestry.

How does matching take place?

Matching takes place in the following ways: Blood samples of you and your potential donors are taken  The blood sample is tested in a lab to identify your HLA type Based on the test results, your HLA type is compared to the potential donors for a match

Is the blood type related to HLA genes and antigens?

No. Although both the systems are inherited and are essential for tissue compatibility, they are not related to one another. The blood type system is located on chromosome 9, while the HLA is on chromosome 6.

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The information mentioned above is meant for educational purposes only and should not be taken as a substitute to your Physician’s advice. It is highly recommended that the customer consults with a qualified healthcare professional to interpret test results