Diabetes is a chronic condition affecting millions of Indians. It causes high blood sugar levels due to the body's inability to produce or use insulin (a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels) effectively. The disease poses severe complications and challenges for patients. While the common symptoms of diabetes include increased hunger, increased thirst and frequent urination, unintentional weight loss could be one of the early signs of diabetes. Hence, it is important to understand the relationship between the two.

The Relationship Between Weight Loss and Diabetes

When the body is unable to produce enough insulin or doesn't use it effectively, it starts breaking down fat and muscle for fuel, resulting in weight loss. However, not all cases of weight loss are related to diabetes, but it can be an early warning sign. Some of the other potential causes of weight loss include the following:

• Medical conditions such as hyperthyroidism or gastrointestinal disorders
• Psychological factors like stress, anxiety or depression

If you experience unintentional weight loss without any obvious reason, it is essential to seek medical advice immediately, especially if you notice other symptoms like increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue or blurry vision.

How Weight Loss Can Be Linked to Type 1 Diabetes?

During type 1 diabetes, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin. Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels and facilitating the entry of glucose into cells to provide energy.

Insulin deficiency hampers the body's ability to metabolise glucose effectively and it fails to reach the cells of the body, resulting in increased blood sugar levels. To compensate for this, the body starts using stored fat and muscle for energy production, leading to weight loss.

Managing Weight Loss in Type 1 Diabetes

Here are some strategies that can help in managing weight loss due to type 1 diabetes:

1. Ensure Proper Insulin Management

Consistently monitor your blood sugar levels using a glucometer and adjust your insulin dosage accordingly. You may consult a diabetologist for valuable guidance.

2. Balanced Diet

Follow a well-balanced and individualised meal plan that includes all essential nutrients. This will help you maintain a healthy weight while managing your blood sugar levels effectively.

3. Regular Physical Activity

Engaging in regular exercise can improve insulin sensitivity, aid in weight management and enhance overall health. Consult with your doctor to determine the most suitable exercise regimen for you.

How Weight Loss Can Be Linked to Type 2 Diabetes

Weight loss can be both a symptom and a management strategy for individuals with type 2 diabetes.

In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Unintentional weight loss can be a sign of poorly controlled diabetes. When the body cannot effectively use insulin, it may start breaking down fat and muscle for energy, resulting in weight loss.

Managing Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes

Here are some strategies that can help in managing weight loss due to type 2 diabetes:

1. Diabetes and Weight Loss Diet

Managing weight loss in individuals with type 2 diabetes involves adopting a balanced and healthy lifestyle. Tips for dietary management include:

• Consuming Whole Foods: Opt for fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and whole grains while limiting processed foods and sugary beverages.
• Glycaemic Control: Focus on foods with a lower glycaemic index to prevent blood sugar spikes. These foods include lentils, sweet potatoes, broccoli, & grapes.
• Regular Meal Timing: Establishing regular meal times can help stabilise blood sugar levels and promote weight management.
• Consultation with a Registered Dietitian: Seek professional guidance to develop an individualised meal plan.

2. Exercise

In addition to a healthy diet, regular physical activity is essential for managing weight loss with type 2 diabetes. Exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity, allowing cells to take in glucose more effectively.

Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity such as brisk walking, swimming or cycling, every week, along with strength training exercises twice a week.

3. Medications and Other Treatment Options

Here are some treatment options that can help prevent unintended weight loss in individuals with type 2 diabetes:

• Weight Loss Medications: Certain medications prescribed for type 2 diabetes can help regulate blood sugar levels while also minimising weight loss. These medications may include oral antidiabetic drugs or injectable medications such as GLP-1 agonists or incretin mimetics

• Weight Loss Surgery: Weight loss surgery can be an effective treatment option for individuals with type 2 diabetes with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 35 kg/m² (obese or overweight).

• Weight Loss Supplements: Although many weight loss supplements are available in the market, their safety and effectiveness are often questionable. It is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any weight loss supplements.

When Weight Loss Could Indicate Diabetes?

Here are some signs and symptoms to look out for:

• Excessive thirst and frequent urination.
• Feeling tired and weak even without exertion.
• Despite eating regular meals, if you find yourself constantly hungry, it could be due to insulin resistance.
• High blood sugar levels can affect the lenses in your eyes, leading to blurred vision.
• Diabetes can impair the body's ability to heal wounds, so if you notice that cuts or sores are taking longer to heal than usual, get it checked.

Regular check-ups and blood tests help in the early detection and management of diabetes. Screenings are important for individuals with risk factors such as obesity, family history and sedentary lifestyle.

When to Consult a Doctor?

If you are experiencing unintentional weight loss along with other symptoms, it is recommended that you seek medical advice promptly. Here are some instances when you should consult a healthcare professional:

• Unexplained Weight Loss: If you have lost a significant amount of weight without trying or making any lifestyle changes.
• Persistent Symptoms: If you are experiencing symptoms such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue or blurred vision that do not improve or worsen over time.
• Family History: If you have a family history of diabetes or are at a higher risk due to genetic factors, it is important to be vigilant about any changes in your body.
• Previous Gestational Diabetes: Women who have had gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Takeaway

Unintentional weight loss can be a symptom of diabetes, and it is important to recognise this connection. Managing weight loss with diabetes requires a balanced diet and regular exercise. Remember, early detection and proper management can prevent complications and improve quality of life. Taking proactive steps to detect and manage diabetes can improve overall health outcomes.

Consult Apollo’s Expert Diabetologists

FAQs

Q. Can diabetes-related weight loss reverse once blood sugar is under control?

Yes, with proper diabetes management, including medication and lifestyle changes, weight loss caused by diabetes may stabilise or reverse.

Q. Does diabetes-related weight loss affect everyone equally?

No, the extent of weight loss and its impact on individuals can vary depending on factors like age, overall health and diabetes type.

Q. Can gestational diabetes cause weight loss during pregnancy?

While uncommon, gestational diabetes may lead to weight loss, but it's essential to monitor and manage blood sugar levels carefully during pregnancy.

Q. I have been losing weight, but my blood sugar levels are normal. Does this rule out diabetes?

While weight loss is a common diabetes symptom, it can also indicate other underlying problems. It's essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation.

Q. Can diabetes-related weight loss occur even with increased appetite?

Yes, diabetes-related weight loss can happen despite increased appetite, especially in type 1 diabetes, where the body cannot utilise glucose properly.