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Activated Protein C Resistance in Delhi

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blood sample
Sample

BLOOD

Gender
Gender

Both

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Age group

7 years & above

Coagulation is the process through which blood changes from a liquid to a gel-like state. Without this process, damaged blood vessels or wounds could continue to bleed, leading to a potential haemorrhage.

Protein C is a proenzyme that, upon activation, prevents excessive coagulation in the human body. In some cases, individuals gain resistance to activated protein C, leading to an increased formation of blood clots. This condition is termed Activated Protein C Resistance (APCR) and can increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (formation of blood clots in the veins)

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) can cause complications such as:

  • Deep vein thrombosis (blood clots in the legs or pelvic area)
  • Pulmonary embolism (blood clots in the lungs; potentially fatal)

APCR commonly occurs due to inherited genetic mutations in Factor V (FV) protein in the body's coagulation system. This specific mutation, dubbed the FV Leiden (FVL), creates a deficiency of the FV protein and results in an individual's predisposition toward thrombosis.

APCR can also occur independently of the FVL mutation. Some other common causes include:

  • Increased levels of prothrombin (Protein that helps coagulate blood)
  • Presence of lupus anticoagulants (antibodies that increase coagulation)
  • Excessive use of oral contraceptives
  • Rare complications during pregnancy

The condition is uniquely dangerous for infants and can lead to purpura fulminans, turning fatal if not treated immediately. Some symptoms for the same are as follows:

  • Abnormal bleeding near cuts 
  • Necrosis (cell/tissue death) in the affected areas
  • Widespread bruising or discolouration of the skin

An Activated Protein C Resistance Test (APCR test) is a diagnostic test that evaluates patients with recurrent or active VTE to establish the presence of APCR. Individuals with a family history of VTE can also opt for this test as a precautionary measure.

An APCR test involves combining the patient specimen in diluted FV-deficient plasma. That sample is introduced to artificial coagulant agents and then incubated through an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test.

Factors such as clotting time are a part of clinical interpretation. The aPTT ratio is then assessed with and without the added agents to determine Activated Protein C sensitivity (APCR).

The APCR test is part of a more extensive assessment process. Abnormal test ratios lead to further analysis to determine whether the cause is FVL or another factor. If the test results are inconclusive, an additional test for FVL is administered to the patient to provide a medical interpretation in that clinical context.

Individuals with asymptomatic APCR do not usually receive treatment if there are no additional risk factors for thrombosis. In some cases, minor surgery using a short-term anti-coagulating agent can be helpful.

However, patients must consider long-term oral anticoagulation therapy if additional risk factors are present or the condition is symptomatic.

Apollo 24|7 provides a comprehensive Activated Protein C Resistance Test. Through the test, doctors can identify the following:

  • Possible FVL mutation in a patient
  • Genetic predisposition towards thrombophilia (increased formation of blood clots)

Doctors can then prescribe the necessary treatment options through that information.
 

Medically reviewed by Dr.Soumya Bhattacharya, Haematologist, Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals, Kolkata.

faqFrequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

If coagulation is a necessary process, why is it dangerous?

Excessive coagulation leads to the formation of blood clots that obstruct blood flow. Moreover, these blood clots can dislodge themselves from their original site and travel to another part of the body. That can be life-threatening if not treated immediately.

Who is at risk for VTE or general thrombophilia?

VTE and general thrombophilia are primarily attributed to genetic mutations, namely FVL. However, increased levels of prothrombin and the presence of lupus coagulants can also be causal factors. Although rare, certain pregnancy complications and excessive oral contraceptive usage can also lead to such conditions.

How serious is APCR?

Asymptomatic APCR does not require treatment if there are no additional risk factors for thrombophilia. Nevertheless, patients must receive the appropriate medical attention if there is a chance of developing thrombophilia due to genetic history. Failure to do so may result in a fatal outcome.

How can an APCR test help patients who are already diagnosed with thrombophilia?

A single episode of VTE or general thrombophilia is not necessarily caused by protein irregularities. However, recurrent episodes can be due to related protein deficiencies or resistance. Evaluating individuals with a history of VTE or thrombophilia can help establish the same. APCR tests help patients with a former VTE or thrombophilia diagnosis adopt the necessary long-term treatment options.

Is the condition curable?

APCR is not curable. However, proper treatment and therapy can significantly reduce the risk of fatality.

Are there any prior requirements for taking the test?

There are no prior requirements for taking the test. However, the test cannot detect patients with acquired resistance. Therefore, it's only applicable when the condition is genetically inherited. When is the right time to get flu shots? (everything you need to know) Foods that worsen menstrual cramps Anti-allergy fabric for people with allergic conditions Is farting a good thing? 5 things you should have in your home to keep your skin healthy  5 things you should have in your home to boost your immunity 5 things you should have in your home to keep your liver healthy 5 things you should have in your home to keep your heart healthy With age comes joint pain. 5 massage oils that can help you manage the pain well. Keep yourself equipped with these items to do away with cough and cold Low on vitamin C? 5 amla-concentrated products you should bring home now 5 herbal supplements that may ease constipation 5 things every new mother needs for postnatal care. World Pneumonia Day (12th Nov): Early signs and home treatment World Children's Day (20 Nov): 5 most common diseases in children and how to deal with it International Men's Day (19 Nov): 7 health problems more commonly seen in men (with preventive measures) World Diabetes Day (14 Nov): theme "education to protect tomorrow": Early signs of diabetes 5 most common reasons for constipation (how to prevent) Signs of diseases that can be seen on nails  Ashwagandha benefits for thyroid Walking 8,200 steps a day may lower your risk of chronic disease, study finds (https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/walking-8200-steps-a-day-may-lower-your-risk-of-chronic-disease-study-finds)

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The information mentioned above is meant for educational purposes only and should not be taken as a substitute to your Physician’s advice. It is highly recommended that the customer consults with a qualified healthcare professional to interpret test results