Diabetes has reached alarming levels in India, emerging as one of the country's most significant public health challenges. With millions of people affected, understanding the prevalence and risk factors is essential in addressing this chronic condition.

Prevalence of Diabetes in India

According to ICMR, India has over 100 million diabetics & 136 million pre-diabetics. The prevalence of diabetes in the country has risen dramatically over the past few decades. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), India had approximately 77 million adults living with diabetes in 2019, and this number suggests that the number of diabetic cases has increased by 44 per cent in four years.

Reasons for the high prevalence in India are urbanisation, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy dietary patterns. 

Contributing Risk Factors

Genetics: Studies suggest that Indian ethnicity has a higher predisposition to type 2 diabetes. A family history of the condition can also increase an individual's risk.

Unhealthy Diet: Diets high in refined carbohydrates, sugar and unhealthy fats are . These carbohydrate-rich foods when combined with processed food contribute to increasing diabetes risk. 

Sedentary Lifestyle: Physical inactivity is widespread, mainly due to desk jobs, urbanisation, and lack of recreational physical activities. Leading a sedentary lifestyle can lead to weight gain and insulin resistance, increasing the risk of diabetes.

Obesity: India has witnessed a significant rise in obesity rates, especially in urban areas. Excess body fat, particularly around the abdomen, is closely associated with diabetes.

Addressing the Diabetes Epidemic

Addressing the diabetes epidemic in India requires a multi-faceted approach. Public health campaigns to raise awareness about the condition, its risk factors, the importance of early detection and encouraging physical activity, and promoting healthier dietary choices while improving access to healthcare are crucial steps.

Primary care physicians and healthcare professionals play a pivotal role in diabetes prevention and management. They can educate patients about lifestyle modifications, provide guidance on diet and exercise, and offer regular screening and monitoring.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the prevalence of diabetes in India is a significant concern, driven by a complex interplay of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Recognising these risk factors and implementing strategies for prevention and management is vital in curbing the diabetes epidemic and improving public health outcomes in the country.