A large chunk of the female population often uses the terms PCOD and PCOS interchangeably, but little do they know that there are differences between the two in terms of causal factors and management.

PCOD, polycystic ovary disease, is a medical condition where the ovaries release immature or partially-mature eggs, which causes hormonal imbalances and cyst development, among other symptoms. PCOD can also cause irregular menstruation and swollen ovaries.

PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome, is a medical condition that causes the ovaries to produce excess androgens, which leads to a variety of symptoms such as irregular periods, facial hair growth, acne, etc. One of the hallmarks of PCOS is the presence of small fluid-filled sacs, called cysts, in the ovaries. These cysts can cause the ovaries to become enlarged and can disrupt the hormonal balance in the body.

DidYouKnow? Studies have shown that the prevalence of PCOD and PCOS is nearly 5.5-12.6% in India.

Besides, the underlying causes and treatments for these two conditions are not the same. Continue reading to learn more about the key differences between PCOD and PCOS.

Causes of PCOD & POCS

While the exact causes remain unknown for PCOD and PCOS. According to research, these conditions could be influenced by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and other medical factors. Some of the known causes and risk factors are as follows:

1. Heredity
2. Imbalance in hormones (insulin, oestrogen, androgen)
3. Insulin resistance with metabolic disorders can cause PCOS and PCOD
4. Chronic inflammation
5. Lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and chronic stress

Understanding the Differences between PCOD & PCOS

Various factors make these conditions different from each other. Here are the details:

Symptoms of PCOD & POCS

The symptoms of both PCOS and PCOD are more or less likely the same:

• Period irregularity or no periods at all
• Heavy menstrual bleeding
• Gaining weight
• Acne
• Excess facial and body hair
• Hair loss on the scalp
• Skin discolouration around the neck and armpits
• Infertility
• Fatigue and tiredness
• Mood swings 

Risk Factors

There are various risk factors associated with the development of PCOS or PCOD as a condition, which include:

• Insulin resistance
• Type 1, type 2 or gestational diabetes
• Obesity, as excess body fat, can lead to insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances
• Genetics or family history
• Chronic inflammation
• Exposure to environmental toxins like BPA and phthalates
• Stress and anxiety
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Consumption of sugar- and fructose-rich diets and drinks

Possible Complications

The possible complications for both PCOD and PCOS can be similar but not to the same extent:

• Infertility
• Type 2 diabetes
• Metabolic syndrome
• Endometrial cancer
• Depression and anxiety
• Sleep apnoea

Prevention of PCOD & PCOS

Both PCOD and PCOS can be prevented by,

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Eating a healthy diet
• Exercising regularly
• Managing stress and anxiety
• Getting enough sleep
• Avoiding exposure to environmental toxins

When to See a Doctor?

The severity of the condition varies from person to person. If you suspect that you are witnessing any of the symptoms like irregular periods, excessive hair growth, acne, or weight gain, it's critical to consult with a gynaecologist for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. Remember, early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing PCOD and PCOS effectively.

Consult Apollo's Expert Gynaecologists

FAQs

1. Can PCOD and PCOS cause permanent damage to the uterus?

No, it does not. But these conditions have to be treated to prevent further complications.

2. Is it possible to get pregnant while suffering from PCOD and PCOS?

Yes, it is possible to become pregnant while suffering from PCOD/PCOS. PCOS can make it more difficult to conceive because it can cause hormonal disorders. With PCOD your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, such as losing weight, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly to increase the chances of pregnancy.

3. Can PCOD develop post-pregnancy?

Yes, PCOD is caused due to hormonal imbalance. So, it can develop post-pregnancy, whereas PCOS occurs mostly before pregnancy.

4. Can PCOD/PCOS develop early?

Yes, it can develop as early as 11-12 years.

5. Can PCOD & PCOS be cured completely?

There is no cure for PCOD or PCOS, but symptoms for both conditions can be managed with appropriate treatment.

Consult Apollo's Expert Gynaecologists

Medically reviewed by Dr Sonia Bhatt.