Millions of people worldwide are affected by diabetes, and unfortunately, this number is predicted to rise even higher in the coming years. Diabetes adversely affects several parts of the body such as the heart, kidneys, and even mouth. Maintaining optimal glucose levels is crucial as having abnormal levels for a prolonged period can triple the risk of developing gum disease, along with other oral issues such as cavities and dry mouth. It's important to prioritize oral health as a vital aspect of overall diabetes management.

Link Between Diabetes and Gum Disease

Diabetes and gum disease have a two-way relationship. High blood sugar increases the risk of gum disease, while gum disease can make it difficult to control blood sugar. It is a proven fact that people with diabetes are more prone to periodontal disease than others. Theories that can help determine the link between the two include:

1. Diabetes can reduce the production of saliva, which otherwise lubricates the mouth, washes away debris, prevents bacterial growth, fights bacterial acids and decay, and protects soft tissues. This results in the drying of the mouth and promotes bacterial growth and plaque formation. If not removed, this plaque can develop into tartar, which increases gum inflammation even further.

2. Uncontrolled diabetes can cause the salivary glands to produce saliva containing more glucose. This increases creates a favourable environment for the bacteria to grow. Since the inflammatory response of diabetics towards bacteria is intense, it results in gum diseases.

3. Moreover, high blood sugar levels hamper wound healing and increase the risk of damaged gums, further increasing the chances of gum disease and oral infections. Therefore, individuals who are unable to control their blood sugar levels may experience oral symptoms such as soreness, bad breath, chewing difficulties, and tooth loss.

Common Oral Problems Affecting People with Diabetes

Uncontrolled diabetes can result in:

1. Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the initial stage of gum disease. It occurs due to the buildup of plaque and tartar on the teeth and around the gum line. The bacteria in the plaque can cause inflammation and irritation of the gums, leading to discomfort and bleeding during brushing or flossing. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease that can cause significant damage to the gums and teeth. 

2. Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a severe infection that affects the gums and bones supporting teeth. In periodontitis, the gums start to recede from their teeth, creating small pockets that allow bacteria to enter and form a gum abscess. If left untreated, the bacteria can break down the gums and bone, causing tooth loss.

How to Take Care of Your Gums?

Taking care of your oral health is crucial, especially if you have diabetes. Here are some general recommendations to help you maintain good oral health:

• Brush your teeth twice every day for about two minutes using fluoridated toothpaste.
• Clean the space between your teeth every day using interdental brushes, dental floss, or oral irrigators.
• Don't forget to clean your tongue to eliminate the bacterial deposit.
• Stay away from acidic drinks like energy drinks, soda, and lemon water, which can erode the enamel of your teeth and cause tooth decay.
• Attend regular dental check-ups to help prevent and treat oral diseases on time.
• Quit smoking and reduce the consumption of carbonated drinks.

In addition to these measures, it is vital to manage blood sugar levels to ensure good oral health. Good blood sugar control can help in preventing dry mouth and oral infections. To manage blood glucose levels, it is recommended to take medications on time, eat a nutritious and balanced diet, and engage in regular exercise. For more information,

Consult Apollo's Expert Dentists

Medically reviewed by Dr Sonia Bhatt.